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What Are the Different Types of Alcohol Addiction?

Alcohol addiction looks different for different people. Your age, family history, and other mental health issues have a major impact on your drinking habits. To better understand this behavior, experts have defined a few subtypes of drinkers.

About the Subtypes of Alcohol Addiction

Alcohol is legal, accessible, and socially acceptable. Because of this, alcohol addiction is extremely common. According to one survey, 10% of teen and adult Americans have alcohol addiction.1 And you might not realize you have this condition until it gets out of hand. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAA) defines various drinking levels2 as follows:

  • Moderate drinking includes up to 2 drinks a day for men, or up to 1 drink a day for women.
  • Binge drinking raises your blood alcohol concentration to .008% or higher. For most men, that means having 5 or more drinks in 2 hours. For most women, it means having 4 or more drinks in the same amount of time.
  • Heavy drinking refers to a pattern of behavior. For men, it means having over 4 drinks in a given day or over 14 drinks in a week. For women, it means having 3 or more drinks in a day or over 7 drinks in a week.

On their own, these behaviors aren’t always problematic. You can have an occasional night out and still lead a balanced life. But if you binge drink or drink heavily on a regular basis, you increase your risk of alcohol addiction. 

In one 2007 study, NIAA researchers defined 5 distinct subtypes of alcohol addiction.3 While these categories are not official diagnoses, some clinicians use them to aid in addiction treatment. You may or may not fit into any of the subtypes. But if you do, this framework can help you understand the root cause of your addiction. It can also help your care team design a treatment plan. If you have a loved one with alcohol addiction, learning about these subtypes can give you insight into their experience.

Young Adult Subtype

Compared to other age groups, young adults have the highest rates of binge drinking.4 This contributes to their high rates of alcohol addiction. According to the NIAA, 31.5% of people with alcohol addiction5 in the U.S. fit into this subtype. 

Social norms play a role in young adults’ drinking6 habits. For example, college students tend to drink more than other young adults of the same age. Experts believe this is because students have fewer responsibilities. If you’re working long hours, married, or raising children, you might not have time to go to parties or drink with friends. 

Many young adults recover from alcohol addiction without formal treatment. As you take on more work or family commitments, your priorities will naturally change. It’s not that easy for everyone. But data shows that alcohol addiction treatment is extremely effective for this demographic.

Young Antisocial Subtype

Alcohol addiction and antisocial personality disorder7 often go hand in hand. If you have these co-occurring disorders, you might need specialized care during recovery. 

Antisocial personality disorder, or ASPD,8 is a serious mental health issue. Having a parent with alcohol addiction increases your risk of developing this diagnosis. ASPD makes it hard to empathize with the people around you. This personality disorder can undermine your relationships and your career, and even increase your risk of legal issues. 

There’s a great deal of overlap between the symptoms of alcohol addiction and ASPD. For example, impulsivity is both a symptom of ASPD9 and a common trait of people with alcohol addiction. You may often find yourself in high-risk situations, including those where you’re encouraged to drink.

Up to 75% of people with ASPD have alcohol addiction.10 Recovery from either one is a complex process. Experts recommend managing the symptoms of ASPD11 with long-term treatment. This usually includes medication and outpatient therapy. Some of the same methods might help you recover from alcohol addiction. 

Functional Subtype

Dr. Howard Moss of the NIAA explains that people in this subtype experience “fewer psychosocial consequences from their alcohol dependence.”12 In other words, while this type of drinking can severely damage your health, it might not noticeably affect your relationships. People with this form of alcohol addiction tend to have a few traits in common:

  • Middle-aged or retired adults
  • Higher family income
  • College education
  • More lIkely to be married than other subtypes

If you fit into this classification, recovering from your addiction might not feel urgent. But, Moss emphasizes, you might still “be at significant risk of the biomedical consequences” of heavy drinking. In addiction treatment, your therapist can help you understand the impact your addiction has on the rest of your life. 

People with functional alcohol addiction can approach recovery in several ways. Many programs, including 12-Step rehabs, encourage total abstinence. But depending on your physical health, that may or may not be necessary for you. For example, your care team might suggest you moderate your drinking instead of quitting completely. If you decide to go this route, make sure you schedule regular check-ins with your doctor, talk therapist, or another provider. They can help you stay on track throughout your ongoing recovery.

Intermediate Familial Subtype

Data shows that there’s a genetic component to alcohol addiction.13 The intermediate familial subtype14 mostly includes middle-aged people with a family history of this condition. People in this category often have co-occurring disorders, especially depression and bipolar disorder, and develop substance use disorders later in life. One study found that most people within this subtype start drinking as teenagers but don’t show signs of alcohol addiction until their 30s.

Nearly 20% of people in the intermediate familial subtype15 also use cocaine, marijuana, or both. Most also smoke cigarettes. If this is your experience, you might consider attending residential rehab for multiple addictions. While inpatient treatment won’t change your family history, it can give you the coping skills you need to move forward.

Chronic Severe Subtype

While chronic severe alcohol addiction16 accounts for just 9.2% of all alcohol addiction in the U.S., this is the most serious subtype. Most people with this condition start drinking in their teens and show signs of alcohol addiction before the age of 30. They are also at a high risk of several different co-occurring disorders:

People in this subtype are also at risk for developing multiple addictions at once:

If you fit into this subtype, it’s extremely likely that 2 or more people in your family also have some form of alcohol addiction. 

When you enter recovery for chronic severe alcohol addiction, you might need intensive treatment like medical detox. That’s partly because 88% of patients experience withdrawal symptoms when they try to quit drinking.17 Without proper support, alcohol detox can be life-threatening.18 

With the right treatment, you can get through this process safely. And once your body heals, you’ll be able to focus on your long-term emotional recovery.


Connect with a rehab for alcohol addiction to start planning your healing journey.

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Court-Ordered Rehab: What You Need to Know

There’s a strong connection between drug use and crime. First of all, just having certain drugs on hand is illegal. Some people also steal to fund their addictions or act out while under the influence. If you face legal action, the judge may decide court-mandated rehab is better than jail time. You can prepare for this type of treatment by learning how it works. 

What Is Court-Mandated Rehab?

Court-mandated rehab is an alternative to incarceration.1 Some judges use this option for first-time offenders. If your addiction is the main reason you broke the law, court-ordered treatment may be more appropriate than jail time. 

Many drugs impede good judgment,2 and some cause erratic behavior. For example, most people know that drunk driving is unsafe. But people with alcohol addiction often take high risks.3 You may look for ways to justify your actions, or you might not even consider that you’re putting people in harm’s way.

Court-ordered rehab gives you a chance to recover from addiction. By recognizing your own mistakes, you can change your life for the better.

How to Obtain Court-Ordered Rehab?

Ultimately, a judge will decide if you’re a candidate for court-ordered rehab. Different factors can affect how you obtain treatment, like the U.S. state in which you committed a crime. There are a few steps in the process of getting court-ordered treatment:4

  1. The judge decides if rehab is a better option than jail.
  2. The judge decides the length of court-mandated treatment.
  3. You attend an approved treatment center.

You can also request court-ordered rehab for someone else, even if they haven’t broken any laws. For example, the state of Massachusetts allows spouses and physicians to petition to send someone to rehab:

  1. You submit a petition for treatment.
  2. You go through an addiction assessment.
  3. The court decides whether rehab is the best option.
  4. The judge decides on the length of your treatment.
  5. You attend an approved treatment center.

Different states have different processes for requesting this type of rehab. If you think a person in your life needs mandatory treatment, look up how to petition a judge in your area. 

Who Is Eligible for Court-Mandated Rehab?

Many factors determine your eligibility for court-ordered drug rehabilitation.5 But it’s ultimately up to the judge. They’ll consider certain factors when deciding your case. 

Offender Would Benefit From Rehab

If the judge thinks you’ll benefit from court-ordered drug rehab, they’re more likely to offer it as an option. They’ll also consider what type of crime you committed. With non-violent offenses, like theft or drug possession, judges often recommend rehab over jail time. 

The Crime Was a Result of Alcohol or Drug Abuse

The judge may also consider your reasons for committing the crime. Many people break the law to fuel their drug addiction. For example, some drugs cause painful withdrawal symptoms and severe cravings.6 Even if you’ve never stolen before, you might do anything to make those symptoms stop. 

In these cases, judges may act with compassion. Court-ordered rehab holds you accountable while addressing the root cause of your behavior.

Types of Court-Ordered Rehab

There are several types of court-mandated rehab. The judge will choose between these options for you, even if they don’t pick a specific program.

Accelerated Pretrial Rehab Programs

An accelerated pretrial rehab program7 is a type of diversion program. Diversion programs avoid sentencing8 and offer an alternative to jail. If you’re a first-time offender, you can have criminal charges dismissed by attending this type of rehab.

Accelerated pretrial rehab focuses on getting to the root of the problem. So if you have an alcohol addiction and get a DUI for the first time, a judge might send you to pretrial rehab for alcohol treatment instead of going to trial.

Educational Programs

Court-ordered educational programs are classes that teach you about drugs and alcohol. The nature of your offense will determine which type of course you take:

  • Learning about the effects of addiction on yourself and the people around you
  • Identifying patterns of drug use and addiction
  • Creating a plan for positive life changes

Group Counseling Programs

A judge might send you to group counseling as a form of rehab. You’ll attend regular sessions with a therapist and 6-12 other people. In these meetings, you’ll learn coping skills and share mutual support. 

Detox and Inpatient Rehab Programs

If the judge thinks you require more intensive treatment, you may attend court-ordered detox and inpatient rehab. Detox is often the first step in addiction recovery. After you complete withdrawal safely, you can transition to longer-term inpatient care. 

Residential Counseling Programs

If you attend court-ordered residential rehab, you’ll probably spend up to 30 days in treatment.9 Many of these programs offer modified forms of 12-Step treatment. This kind of care provides more structure than outpatient programs. It may also focus on treating people who have committed a specific criminal offense.

Who Pays for Court-Ordered Rehab?

You have to pay for court-ordered rehab on your own. Some programs might require you to pay out of pocket, while others take insurance. 

All insurance companies cover addiction treatment10 to some extent. Still, your coverage depends on the type of program and your specific insurance plan. You might also meet the criteria for government subsidies and grants. 

Depending on your location, you may have a choice between treatment centers.11 Some states have specific treatment facilities for court-ordered rehab. Others let you choose a program from a list of approved rehabs. 

How Long Is Court-Mandated Rehab?

The duration of court-mandated rehab varies by program.12 Educational programs and accelerated pretrial rehab programs usually require you to complete certain hours. For example, you might take a 15-hour drug offender course for your first DUI. In most areas, court-ordered inpatient programs last at least 30 days, but some U.S. states offer 60-90 days of residential substance abuse treatment.

What Are the Benefits of Court-Ordered Rehab?

While it may feel like a punishment at first, court-ordered drug rehabilitation can serve as a wake-up call. These programs can serve to encourage patients to get the help they need before facing more severe consequences. 

Alternative to Jail

Jail is probably the last place anyone wants to be. Studies show people with substance use disorder benefit more from rehab than jail.13 You still have to spend time away from home in a rehab facility—but you’ll be in a space that helps you grow. During treatment, you can practice the coping skills you need to build a life you love.

Safe Environment 

Going to jail puts you at risk of violence and cuts you off from social support. A space like this can do more harm than good for someone with an addiction. 

Rehab programs, on the other hand, are there to help you recover. You’ll be in a protected space, with 24/7 access to a team of healthcare professionals. Their job is to keep you safe during detox and recovery.

Accountability

Both jail and rehab hold you accountable for your actions. But while jail focuses on punishment, rehab motivates patients to heal. In therapy, you can learn how to take responsibility for your future. 

Support Network

In jail, there’s no guarantee that the people around you will have your best interests at heart. But you can build a strong support network in rehab. That may include your care team or other people in recovery. If your program offers family therapy, you can reconnect with loved ones while you’re still in residential treatment.

What Happens if Someone Fails Court-Ordered Rehab?

Sometimes people violate court orders by not attending therapy, skipping classes, or not taking treatment seriously. When you fail court-ordered rehab,14 the judge will decide on the consequences. They can choose between a variety of options:

  • Fines
  • More time in treatment
  • Extended probation
  • Immediate jail time

Is Court-Mandated Rehab Effective?

Involuntary addiction treatment can be very effective.15 A 2012 study found that people in mandatory rehab were more likely to complete treatment.16 Still, there isn’t much research on how effective court-ordered treatment is in the long term. 

The willingness to heal is a vital part of recovery. Court-ordered drug rehabilitation inspires many people to recover. Others may not be ready to commit to treatment. It all depends on the person.

Connect With a Treatment Program

Addiction and mental health issues can make it hard to recognize yourself sometimes. But there are many ways to get the help you need and start healing when you’re ready. 

Learn more about different types of treatment for addiction today. 

Frequently Asked Questions About Court-Ordered Rehab

What is court-mandated rehab?

Court-mandated rehab is an alternative to jail for people whose addiction led them to commit a crime. Instead of incarceration, a judge may order them to undergo addiction treatment to address the root cause of their behavior.

How do I obtain court-ordered rehab?

The decision for court-ordered rehab lies with the judge. If you or someone you know needs this type of treatment, you can submit a petition and go through an addiction assessment. The court will then determine if rehab is the best option and set the length of the treatment.

Who is eligible for court-mandated rehab?

Eligibility for court-ordered rehab depends on various factors considered by the judge. Offenders who would benefit from rehab, especially those involved in non-violent offenses driven by substance abuse, are more likely to be offered this option as an alternative to jail.

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How Long It Takes to Rewire the Brain From Addiction and What to Expect

When you stop using drugs and alcohol, it takes time to rewire your brain. The exact timeframe depends on several factors. For example, certain drugs lengthen the rewiring process. Some practices can also help you recover faster. Learn about what influences this aspect of healing.

The Brain and Addiction: How Addiction Rewires the Brain

Addiction hijacks your brain’s reward system. Specifically, it affects dopamine. This neurotransmitter relates to feelings of happiness and achievement. Activities like exercise, spending time with friends, and engaging in a hobby can all trigger the release of dopamine. 

When you have an addiction, your brain associates a certain activity with the release of dopamine. Whether you’re using drugs, drinking, gambling, or something else, the connection gets stronger every time you do it. 

Over time, your brain adjusts. It becomes less sensitive to dopamine flooding your system. As your tolerance goes up, you’ll need a higher dose just to feel the same effect. This cycle disrupts your brain’s natural reward system.1 Since your brain is producing less dopamine on its own, activities you used to enjoy won’t be as satisfying. Only your addiction will provide the dopamine boost your brain craves.

What Affects the Timeframe for Brain Rewiring From Addiction

It usually takes up to 14 months for the brain to rewire from addiction.2 But there’s no one-size-fits-all timeline for recovery. Certain factors impact the speed of this process:

  • The substance you abused: Some drugs change your brain chemistry more dramatically than others. For example, cocaine releases up to 10 times the amount of dopamine3 your body can naturally produce. The more intensely a drug affects your brain, the longer it might take to rewire it again.
  • The severity of your addiction: The longer you use drugs or alcohol, the more your brain changes.4 People with years of drug abuse may recover more slowly than those who get help sooner. Plus, the more addictive substances you use, the greater the impact on your brain chemistry.5
  • Other mental health factors: Addiction is just one component of mental health. When you’re also healing from a co-occurring disorder, recovery may take more time.
  • Proper treatment: Rewiring your brain is hard work. In rehab, you’ll get support throughout this process. Therapy, medication, and other treatments can make a huge difference during recovery.

With these variables in play, it can take your brain anywhere from weeks to months to heal from addiction. For some people, it takes even longer. And it’s nearly impossible to predict your exact timeline in advance. 

The Stages of Brain Rewiring From Addiction

At any pace, you’ll probably progress through certain stages on your way to recovery. You may need different types of support during each phase.

Stage 1: Withdrawal

When you first stop using drugs or alcohol, your body will enter withdrawal. You may experience physical and emotional symptoms during this process. For most people, this is an uncomfortable time.

In some cases, detox can be life-threatening. Medical detox programs can keep you safe until you complete this stage. For most people, withdrawal symptoms go away in a week or less.6 

Stage 2: Active Rewiring

Drug cravings might not end when you complete withdrawal. But once your body starts to heal, they may feel less urgent. In this stage, you’ll have the space you need to focus on your mental health

Longer-term treatment, like rehab or ongoing therapy, lets you dig into the root cause of your addiction. You’ll identify your triggers and learn to respond without drinking or using drugs. For most people, this active stage of rewiring the brain can take up to a year.7

Stage 3: Maintenance

Recovery is often a life-long process. Some people continue to have cravings for years after detox. They may never subside completely. But with the right support, you can develop the skills you need to navigate your triggers.

Strategies for Accelerating Brain Rewiring From Addiction

When you put in the work to rewire your brain from addiction, you leverage your brain’s adaptability. Before, your brain’s neuroplasticity fed into your addiction. Now, it can help you build routines that support recovery. While your brain may heal naturally, there are a few ways to speed up the process.

Practice Mindfulness

Mindfulness helps you practice awareness of the present moment, which can make using substances less reflexive. That’s because mindfulness gives you more emotional space. Instead of responding to triggers impulsively, you’ll have time to remember your coping skills. 

Data shows that mindfulness can help people stop using drugs. One study found that mindfulness-based relapse prevention8 was more effective than other common treatments.

Exercise and Eat Well

Exercise releases dopamine9 in your brain. As it travels through your reward system, it reinforces new neural pathways. In essence, this undoes some of the damage addiction causes. Exercise also promotes cell regeneration, which helps your brain heal faster. 

Eating well is a big part of physical fitness. Studies link a balanced diet with ongoing sobriety and better mental health.10 

Find the Right Therapy for You

Therapy is another powerful tool for rewiring your brain from addiction. Individual therapy helps you recognize your behavioral patterns, empowering you to change them. 

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)11 is a powerful strategy here. In this type of therapy, you’ll learn practical skills that help you respond to your triggers and cravings. 

In addition to 1:1 therapy, group therapy sessions can be very helpful. Groups let you practice new coping skills and share mutual support with other people in recovery. 

Realistic Expectations for Brain Rewiring From Addiction

While certain treatments can help with addiction recovery, there’s no quick fix here. It takes time and effort to rewire your brain from addiction. Think of this process as an investment in your long-term treatment goals.


If you’re ready to find support, you can browse rehab programs for addiction.

Frequently Asked Questions About Rewiring the Brain From Addiction

How long does it take to rewire the brain from addiction?

The timeframe for rewiring the brain from addiction varies, but it typically takes up to 14 months. Factors such as the substance involved, severity of the addiction, presence of co-occurring mental health disorders, and quality of treatment influence the brain’s speed of recovery. While some progress can be made in just a few weeks, recovery is a lifelong process.

What are the stages of brain rewiring during addiction recovery?

The stages of brain rewiring in recovery include withdrawal, active rewiring, and maintenance. During withdrawal, physical and emotional symptoms occur as a result of stopping substance use. Active rewiring entails addressing mental health and triggers through rehab or therapy. Maintenance is an ongoing phase in which cravings may persist, but proper support can help you navigate triggers effectively.

How can I accelerate brain rewiring from addiction?

Mindfulness practices promote awareness of triggers and coping skills, while exercise releases dopamine and promotes brain healing. Eating a balanced diet contributes to ongoing sobriety and better mental health. Ongoing therapy can help you recognize behavioral patterns and develop practical skills for managing triggers and cravings. Rewiring the brain from addiction requires time and dedication to long-term treatment goals.

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Alcohol Cravings in Recovery: How Long Do They Last?

Craving alcohol is a normal part of addiction recovery. When you first quit drinking, your cravings might be especially intense. As you heal, you’ll learn how to recognize and control cravings. Still, the temptation might never completely disappear. Cravings might even be a lifelong challenge. But there are ways to cope with them and reduce your risk of relapse.

Understanding Alcohol Cravings

Alcohol cravings are physical and emotional urges to drink. You might feel a loss of control or an overwhelming desire to consume alcohol, even if you know it would have negative consequences. There are some clear neurochemical reasons you might experience cravings. 

Alcohol addiction changes your brain,1 most noticeably in the reward center. Once drinking becomes a habit, your brain gets used to the good feelings that come with alcohol. It can grow harder to feel good without drinking. So when you quit, you might still crave that sense of reward. 

Alcohol cravings can have physical and emotional symptoms.2 For instance, you could have vivid fantasies about alcohol. Physically, you might start sweating3 or feel on edge.

Several factors can trigger alcohol cravings. Some triggers are internal, like memories and emotions. For example, if you used to drink to cope with stress at work, you may start to crave alcohol whenever you have a looming deadline. 

People, places, and situations can also be triggers. You might walk by a restaurant that was your go-to happy hour spot and suddenly get the urge to drink. Triggers are unavoidable at times. But once you understand them, you can learn how to curb alcohol cravings.

Timeline: How Long Do Alcohol Cravings Last?

Detox and Withdrawal

When you stop drinking and go into acute alcohol withdrawal, your cravings will be at their most intense.4 Medical detox programs can help you manage these symptoms. In this phase of recovery, your body needs to readjust to functioning without alcohol.

Alcohol detox can be difficult and even dangerous, especially if you drank heavily for a long time. It’s crucial to get medical care when you first quit drinking. You might feel physical withdrawal symptoms,5 like restlessness, shakiness, sweating, and nausea, for the first couple of weeks after you quit drinking. Your care team will keep you safe as these symptoms subside. 

Treatment and Early Recovery

Cravings often last well beyond the initial detox. It’s important to remember that everyone’s timeline is unique. While these urges usually lessen over time, you may never learn how to stop alcohol cravings entirely. Some people also develop post-acute withdrawal syndrome (PAWS),6 in which intense cravings can last up to 2 years. 

During initial treatment, you can develop coping skills to manage these urges. You’ll also learn to recognize triggers before they overwhelm you. While cravings are uncomfortable, they don’t have to result in relapse.

Manage Cravings in Ongoing Recovery

By the time you leave rehab, you’ll have plenty of practice responding to triggers. And over time, as you continue to stay sober, you’ll develop more confidence in your ability to manage cravings. While your urges may not disappear, you’ll get better at living with them. 

Coping Strategies for Alcohol Cravings

No matter how long your cravings last, there are many ways to cope with the urge to drink. Sometimes you can avoid triggering situations—but that’s not always possible. You can also learn how to navigate triggers without giving in to your cravings. In treatment, your care team might suggest several different strategies.

Choose Fulfilling Alternatives

No feeling lasts forever—even alcohol cravings come and go.7 Sometimes all you need to do is wait them out. During that time, you can distract yourself with an engaging alternative to drinking. You might go for a walk, listen to music, or try a new sober hobby. 

Meditate to Reduce Stress

Meditation and similar activities can reduce stress,8 helping you manage alcohol cravings. Studies show that mindfulness can even reduce the amount you drink.9 These activities promote self-acceptance and a sense of calm. When you accept that even intense cravings are temporary, waiting for them to pass might get a little easier.

Lean on Your Support System

Social support is a vital part of recovery10 from alcohol addiction. When you have cravings, you can ask loved ones for encouragement. You might also attend a support group or schedule an extra session with your therapist.

Professional Support and Treatment

Therapy and medication can play an important role throughout addiction recovery. A few types of treatment are especially helpful for alcohol addiction.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

In cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT),11 you’ll start by identifying the triggers and behaviors that contribute to your addiction. Then, your therapist will teach you specific techniques to use when cravings arise. 

Prescription Medications

Your treatment might include medications to help you stop craving alcohol.12 Prescriptions like acamprosate, disulfiram, and naltrexone can decrease the urge to drink. This approach is especially helpful for people healing from long-term alcohol abuse.

Peer Support Groups

Support groups, like SMART Recovery or 12-Step groups, can help you connect with your peers. These programs offer fellowship, encouragement, and accountability as you move forward in recovery. 

Lifestyle Changes for Long-Term Sobriety

Positive lifestyle changes13 can set you up for long-term sobriety. It’s important to create a daily routine that includes both self-care and fun activities. Maybe you used to have a drink every day at 6. You can take your mind off those memories by filling the same time slot with a new activity. Focus on what you are doing, like having coffee with a friend, instead of what you’re not doing, like going to a bar.

Recovery is a chance to build a life you love, sustainably. You can fill your time with activities you find meaningful, and ones that have immediate positive effects:

  • Picking up a new hobby
  • Eating well
  • Exercising
  • Spending time with loved ones
  • Expressing yourself through art, music, or writing
  • Learning a new skill

As you continue to heal, these new habits can become part of your daily practice. And data shows that strong routines support addiction recovery.14 You can develop a schedule that includes activities you love, and then stick to it—even when you’re craving alcohol.

Relapse Prevention

There will probably be times when you can curb alcohol cravings and times when you feel like you can’t. When you can recognize the warning signs of relapse,15 you’ll be able to get help more quickly: 

  • Isolating yourself
  • Skipping meetings you usually attend
  • Reminiscing about drinking
  • Letting go of your routine
  • Spending time with people who encourage you to drink

When this happens, you can reach out to people you trust. For example, you might call your therapist or your original treatment program. Certain programs can also help you stay sober after treatment:

Managing alcohol cravings is a vital part of maintaining sobriety. Connect with an alcohol rehab to get the support you need to meet your recovery goals.

Frequently Asked Questions About Alcohol Cravings in Recovery

What are alcohol cravings and why do they occur?

Alcohol cravings are intense urges to consume alcohol, both physically and emotionally. These cravings are a result of the changes that occur in the brain’s reward center during alcohol addiction. When alcohol becomes a habit, the brain associates it with feelings of pleasure and reward. As a result, when you stop drinking, cravings can occur as your brain seeks that sense of reward.

How long do alcohol cravings last during recovery?

The duration of alcohol cravings varies for each individual. Initially, during acute alcohol withdrawal, they can be very intense. However, cravings may persist beyond the detox phase and throughout early recovery. Some people experience post-acute withdrawal syndrome (PAWS), where cravings can last for several months or longer. Everyone’s timeline is unique, and cravings usually lessen over time.

What are effective strategies for coping with alcohol cravings?

Coping with alcohol cravings requires a multi-faceted approach. Choosing fulfilling alternatives to drinking can help manage and reduce their intensity. These can include new hobbies or activities, practicing mindfulness meditation to reduce stress, leaning into your support network, attending support groups, seeking professional treatment, and making positive lifestyle changes. These strategies can empower you to navigate cravings and maintain long-term sobriety. Planning for relapse prevention can begin as soon as you enter recovery.

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What Does the Bible Say About Addiction? Insights and Guidance

Healing from addiction can be a spiritual experience. For some people, the Bible is an important resource during this process. If Christian principles resonate with you, there are many ways to incorporate them into your recovery journey.

Biblical Concepts and Teachings Related to Addiction

Some scholars call addiction a “crisis of faith.”1 Drug or alcohol addiction changes your priorities. You might lose track of what you once cared about, putting your addiction before other parts of your life. Christian teachings can help you reframe your values. 

The Bible frequently refers to the duality of good and evil.2 Spiritual warfare is the ongoing battle between these forces. If you have an addiction, it might feel like that fight is taking place within your mind and body. 

Some Christians compare drug cravings to spiritual temptation.3 Whether or not you believe doing drugs is a sin, addiction can certainly cause harm. Treatment gives you coping strategies to manage your cravings, knowing they might never go away. If you see recovery as a battle against temptation, you can arm yourself for that battle with the skills you learn in therapy. 

Examples of Addiction in the Bible

Certain Biblical passages offer valuable insight into addiction. 

The Prodigal Son

In the parable of the prodigal son,4 a son leaves home and squanders his father’s wealth. Facing poverty and starvation, he returns home to ask for help. Despite his mistakes, his father welcomes him home with open arms. 

This passage teaches that asking for and offering forgiveness is essential to Christianity.5 To heal from addiction, you first need to admit that you need help. For many people, this means attending rehab or joining a support group. It can also mean learning how to heal yourself. Either way, setting an intention to recover is usually the first step.

Samson and Delilah

The story of Samson and Delilah also sheds light on the nuances of recovery. Some modern-day interpretations say Samson had a sex addiction.6 He put his love affairs before his well-being. Ultimately, he surrendered all his power to Delilah by telling her the source of his strength—symbolically giving in to his addiction. 

When Delilah cuts Samson’s hair, he becomes powerless. But the story doesn’t end there. While he’s in prison, his hair continues to grow. Even when it seems like all hope is lost, he naturally makes progress toward freedom. 

In the same way, the process of addiction recovery can surprise you. Healing is nonlinear, and it requires great courage. For some people, spiritual teachings are a source of strength.

Encouragement and Hope for Those Struggling With Addiction 

According to one study, “religion and spirituality can play a powerful role in the prevention and treatment of substance abuse7 and the maintenance of sobriety.” There are several factors at play here. 

The Value of Prayer

No matter where you are or what you’re doing, you can express your faith through prayer. That could mean anything from speaking aloud to a higher power to silently focusing your energy. You can pray alone, with a religious mentor, or in a larger spiritual community. This practice is constantly accessible. 

Prayer has more than spiritual value. It also affects your brain chemistry.8 Data shows that silent prayer activates your reward system. Because addiction damages your reward system,9 the act of praying can make it easier to heal.

Healing Through Fellowship

Community is a vital part of addiction recovery. One study found that people in faith-based communities are less likely to abuse substances.10 These communities offer fellowship, emotional support, and accountability. 

Many Christian communities are open to members. You can easily find a church or a Bible study group in your area. You might also consider joining a 12-Step group like Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.). While this fellowship draws inspiration from Christianity, 12-Step groups welcome people of every faith.

Biblical Principles for Recovery and Healing 

Dr. Harry Schaumburg, a Christian counselor, writes that “recovery is not repentance,11 and repentance is not recovery.” However, these ideas are deeply connected. 

Repentance occurs when you admit you have an addiction, turn to God, and sincerely ask for help. This might also be the moment when you quit drinking or using drugs. But healing isn’t always that simple. It could take you longer to act on your newfound faith. 

As Schaumburg says, “Heart change brings high motivation for behavior change.” In other words, repentance paves the way for recovery. At this point, you might go to rehab, seek spiritual guidance, attend therapy, or more. These practices can help you reconnect with your higher spiritual purpose.

Addressing Common Misconceptions and Criticisms

Spirituality can guide you toward a better life, but it’s just one aspect of recovery. For example, physical dependence on a drug sometimes requires medical intervention. Faith-based approaches can’t replace other types of care. 

Faith-based recovery isn’t for everyone. If spiritual ideals don’t resonate with you, this approach might not be a good fit. But if you take comfort in religion, Christian rehab can be highly effective.12 Data shows this type of treatment helps people maintain both their ongoing sobriety and a long-term connection to faith. Learn more about faith-based rehab to decide if it’s right for you.

Resources and Tools for Integrating Faith and Recovery

There are several ways to integrate Christian principles into your recovery journey.

Support Groups

  • 12-Step groups offer spiritual fellowship to people of all religious backgrounds.
  • Celebrate Recovery is a group for Christians recovering from addiction, mental health issues, loss, and more.
  • Life Recovery follows a 12-Step program like that of Alcoholics Anonymous. Unlike other 12-Step groups, these meetings have a strong focus on Christianity. 

Books

You can also incorporate religious ideals into residential treatment. Connect with a Christian rehab program to learn how. 

Frequently Asked Questions About What the Bible Says About Addiction

What biblical teachings can help people struggling with addiction?

The Bible offers insights into addiction, emphasizing the importance of faith, repentance, and forgiveness. It addresses the duality of good and evil and provides guidance on spiritual warfare. By reframing values and viewing recovery as a battle against temptation, Christians in recovery can find strength and healing in biblical teachings.

How can prayer and fellowship contribute to addiction recovery?

Prayer not only provides a constant practice that allows people to connect with their higher power, but also positively impacts the brain’s natural healing processes. Fellowship within faith-based communities provides emotional support, accountability, and a sense of belonging. Prayer and fellowship, as emphasized in the Bible, can play a powerful role in maintaining sobriety.

Is faith-based recovery suitable for everyone?

While faith-based approaches can be highly effective for those who resonate with spiritual ideals, they can’t replace other types of care, such as medical interventions for physical dependence. Faith-based recovery aligns with Christian principles and can help patients maintain long-term sobriety and a connection to faith. Consider your personal beliefs and preferences to see if this approach is right for your recovery journey.

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How Long Does It Take to Break an Addiction?

Addiction recovery takes time. And when you first quit drugs or alcohol, you might want to speed through the process. Many people wonder, “How long does it take to break an addiction?”

There’s no way to determine precisely how long recovery will take. That’s because this process looks different for everyone. And many factors—like your lifestyle, genetics, and physical health—affect how quickly you can break an addiction. 

Does It Take 21 Days to Stop an Addiction?

You may have heard it takes 21 days to form or change a habit.1 That just isn’t true. But where did this myth come from? It all started with a misunderstanding of Dr. Maxwell Maltz’s research.

Dr. Maltz, a writer and plastic surgeon, described this timeline in his 1960 book Psycho-Cybernetics. But he wasn’t talking about behavior at all. Instead, he made the point that it takes at least 21 days for self-image to change. 

He explained that after about 21 days, his patients could let go of their mental images before surgery and accept their new look. Readers widely misinterpreted his work, perhaps out of wishful thinking. Today, this myth is so widespread that many people think it’s a fact. 

Why It Can Take at Least 90 Days of Treatment

Addiction is complex. There’s no simple answer to questions like “How many days does it take to break an addiction?” That number could go up if you have additional health problems and require medical care. On the other hand, it could go down if you attend a recovery program that meets your needs perfectly. 

However, some experts believe there is a bare minimum: 90 days of treatment.

90 Days of Treatment or More

According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), attending treatment for at least 90 days yields the best outcomes.2

But 90 days isn’t always enough. Different substances have various treatment minimums ranging from months to years. For example, if you’re healing from opioid addiction, NIDA recommends at least 12 months of treatment.

Addiction and the Brain

Over time, excessive drug or alcohol use changes your neurochemistry.3 Substance use disorder impacts your brain’s prefrontal cortex, which governs decision-making and impulse control. So the more you take drugs, the less self-control you have. And the less self-control you have, the harder it becomes to quit. 

In recovery, your brain can take a while to heal fully. You might continue to have cravings for a long time after detox. In rehab, you’ll learn how to manage those feelings while you keep moving toward your recovery goals. 

Forming New Habits

Addiction recovery might start with quitting drugs and alcohol, but it doesn’t end there. You’ll also find new ways to fill your time while sober. You might develop coping skills, try new activities, or return to hobbies you love. With practice, you can learn to meet your emotional needs without abusing drugs.

Data suggests that it takes 66 days to build a new habit.4 For example, imagine that you start doing yoga every morning in rehab. According to research, it should take just over 2 months for that behavior to become automatic. Eventually, you’ll be able to get up and do yoga without even thinking about it, the same way you might drink coffee or brush your teeth. 

This timeline doesn’t change how long it takes to break old habits. You might experience cravings long after your yoga practice becomes routine. And some people take a longer time to make these changes. For example, ADHD affects the way you form habits.5 If you have that diagnosis, you may need more time to solidify new coping skills.

Factors That Contribute to How Quickly Addiction Can Be Broken

Certain aspects of your lifestyle and health history impact how long it takes to break an addiction:

  • Personal history of other addictions
  • Which drugs you’ve been using 
  • Physical health issues
  • How long you’ve been abusing substances
  • Co-occurring disorders
  • Social support6
  • Genetics
  • Environment
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Family history of addiction
  • Type of treatment

Some of these factors, like genetics, are outside your control. But you can have an impact on others. For example, your support network outside rehab might include people who encourage you to do drugs. Those relationships can interfere with your recovery. If that’s an issue for you, changing your environment can help you heal. 

It’s also essential to find the right type of care. For example, intensive inpatient treatment might be the best option if you need a lot of structure. But many inpatient programs ask you to take a break from talking to friends and family members. If you have unavoidable commitments like childcare, this can be a barrier to treatment. People who need more flexibility might consider outpatient care programs instead.

Find a Treatment Program to Break the Addiction Cycle

Finding treatment can help you break the cycle of addiction. The first 90 days of recovery are crucial. During that time, a professional care team can give you the support you need.

Even after those 90 days, you might still experience cravings. You’ll also learn to recognize and work through triggers. These issues might never go away completely. Recovery means learning to live with them, not avoiding them altogether. 

As you look for a rehab program, consider your unique recovery goals. Are you also healing from a co-occurring mental health issue? Do you want to practice relationship skills? How much medical care do you need during treatment? These questions and others like them can help you find the best program for you.


Browse rehab programs and get the help you need to break out of addiction.

Frequently Asked Questions About Breaking an Addiction

How long does it take to stop an addiction?

Overcoming addiction is a unique journey, and the duration can vary based on the substance or behavior involved, your commitment to recovery, and various personal and environmental factors. While there’s no fixed timeline, many experts recommend at least 90 days of treatment for the best outcomes.

Can an addiction be broken within 21 days?

The belief that it takes 21 days to break an addiction is a common myth. This misconception originated from Dr. Maxwell Maltz’s research on self-image change, not addiction behavior. The process of overcoming addiction is complex and can take longer, involving factors like neurochemical changes in the brain, forming new habits, and addressing underlying issues.

What factors influence how quickly an addiction can be broken?

Several factors contribute to the timeline of recovering from addiction, including your personal health history, substance or behavior of choice, duration of the addiction, co-occurring mental health conditions, available social support, and the quality of treatment you receive. Finding the right treatment program can significantly impact your recovery process.

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Addiction vs. Dependence: Understanding the Difference

The terms “addiction” and “dependence” may sound interchangeable, but they mean different things. Dependence is the physical reliance on a drug. Addiction, on the other hand, has primarily psychological symptoms. You can be dependent on a substance without having an addiction. Most types of addiction include physical dependence—but that’s not always true. When you understand the difference between these issues, you can find the type of treatment that best suits your needs.

Defining Addiction

Addiction means continuing to use a substance1 in spite of its negative consequences. This is a complex psychological condition. Addiction affects the way you think and how you behave. You might feel like your actions are out of your control. While everyone’s experience is different, there are some common signs of addiction:

  • Obsessively thinking about the substance or behavior
  • Feeling like you can’t stop acting on your cravings, no matter how hard you try
  • Developing withdrawal symptoms when you try to quit
  • Isolating yourself or hiding your behavior

People can be addicted to multiple substances at a time. This includes prescription drugs, alcohol, and illicit drugs. You can also develop addictions to behaviors like sex, watching porn, using the internet, and gambling. 

Understanding Dependence

With dependence, your body relies on a substance2 to feel normal. If you go into withdrawal when you stop drinking or taking drugs, you probably have a physical dependence on that substance. Withdrawal symptoms3 vary depending on your exact health history, but a few are especially common:

  • Sweating
  • Tremors
  • Insomnia
  • Nausea
  • Increased heart rate
  • Elevated blood pressure
  • Headaches
  • Seizures
  • Hallucinations 

Both illicit and prescription substances can cause physical dependence on drugs. But there’s a difference between dependence vs. addiction. For example, many people with diabetes depend on insulin but aren’t psychologically addicted to it. You can also come to depend on substances like alcohol, cocaine, marijuana, and nicotine. And some prescription drugs, like opioids, have high rates of both dependence and addiction.4

Even if you only take drugs as prescribed, it’s important to monitor your substance use. Notice when and why you start to physically depend on a drug. If that substance dependence has a negative impact on your life, you could be at risk of addiction.

Psychological vs. Physiological Aspects

It’s possible to have addiction without dependence,5 and vice versa. But if you have both, your physical and psychological symptoms might feed off each other. For example, you might start taking opioids to relieve pain after an injury. Then, as your body heals, lowering your dosage could make you feel anxious. What starts as a physical need can become an emotional one.

Without proper support, this can quickly lead to addiction. When you’re ready to recover, it may help to differentiate between the physiological and psychological aspects of what you’re going through. Doing this empowers you and your care team to choose the most effective types of treatment.

Psychological Aspects of Addiction

There’s a good reason addiction feels so out of your control. Addictive substances change the way your brain works.6 They flood your brain with dopamine, a feel-good chemical that activates your reward system. Over time, substances change the way your brain produces dopamine.7 Drug use might become the only thing that gives you a sense of reward. The National Institute on Drug Abuse explains:

“The difference between normal rewards and drug rewards can be likened to the difference between someone whispering into your ear and someone shouting into a microphone. Just as we turn down the volume on a radio that is too loud, the brain of someone who misuses drugs adjusts by producing fewer neurotransmitters in the reward circuit, or by reducing the number of receptors that can receive signals. As a result, the person’s ability to experience pleasure from naturally rewarding (i.e., reinforcing) activities is also reduced.”

Physiological Aspects of Dependence

Like your brain, your body can quickly get used to any drugs8 you take. If you use a drug often, you’ll need higher doses to feel the same effects. This is called tolerance. You can develop a tolerance to some drugs very quickly. For example, it takes just 2-3 doses of opioids9 for some people to develop a tolerance.

Once you have a tolerance, you might start taking higher doses to get the same effect. You might also become physically dependent on the drug, and feel withdrawal symptoms if you try to quit. Many people keep using drugs to avoid those withdrawal symptoms. If this pattern continues, it might lead to addiction. 

If your body depends on a substance, withdrawal can range from being uncomfortable to dangerous. Detoxing from certain substances—like alcohol, opioids, and benzodiazepines—can even be fatal. Formal addiction treatment can keep you safe during this phase of recovery.

Implications and Consequences

Addiction can impact every aspect of your life, starting with your mental health.10 Substances change your brain, and might contribute to co-occurring disorders like anxiety and depression. These symptoms, along with other aspects of addiction, can interfere with your relationships. If you prioritize drug use over your colleagues or loved ones, you might face serious consequences. 

Dependence also affects your physical health, whether or not you have an addiction. For example, alcohol dependence can lead to liver problems,11 heart disease, and even cancer. Opioids increase your risk for cardiac and respiratory problems.12 And illicit drug use has a high risk of overdose13 and death.

While addiction and dependence aren’t the same, they often overlap. So when you start recovery, both your body and mind will need time to heal.

Connect with a rehab program for alcohol and drug addiction to determine which treatments can best meet your unique needs.

Frequently Asked Questions About Addiction vs Dependence

What’s the difference between addiction and dependence?

Dependence is a physical reliance on a substance, while addiction is a psychological condition wherein people continue using substances despite negative consequences. While both are often present at the same time, they’re not always the same.

Can someone be dependent on a substance without having addiction? 

Yes, you can be dependent on a substance without having an addiction. Dependence refers to the physical reliance on a substance to feel normal, while addiction involves psychological symptoms and compulsive behavior. While most types of addiction include physical dependence, not all cases of dependence indicate addiction.

What are the common signs of addiction?

Common signs of addiction include obsessively thinking about the substance or behavior, being unable to stop acting on cravings, having withdrawals when you attempt to quit, and isolating yourself or hiding the behavior in question. Addiction affects the way you think and behave, and it may involve substances or behaviors such as drugs, alcohol, sex, internet use, and gambling.

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The Most Common Addictions in the United States

Both drug and behavioral addictions are extremely common in the United States. And drug addiction is steadily on the rise. 

In 2021, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) found that nearly 50 million Americans have drug or alcohol addictions.1 Behavioral addictions, like gambling and internet use, are also a growing concern. 

If you’re wondering how to overcome addiction, you can start by learning about the most abused drugs in the United States. 

Alcohol Addiction

According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), 11.3% of adult Americans have alcohol addiction.2 A report from the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence even calls alcohol “the most commonly used addictive substance3 in the United States.”

Causes:

There are several possible causes of alcohol addiction:4 

Alcohol is widely available, and many people feel social pressure to drink.5 This can also contribute to addiction.

Effects: 

According to the CDC, long-term excessive drinking puts you at risk6 of physical health problems:

  • High blood pressure
  • Liver disease
  • Cancer

Alcohol addiction also affects mental health.7 It can lead to depression, memory problems, and even antisocial behavior.

Treatments:

There are many treatments for alcohol addiction. Experts report that a few specific types of therapy are especially helpful:8

  • Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
  • Motivational enhancement therapy (MET)
  • Contingency management
  • Couples therapy
  • 12-Step programs

Opioid Addiction

There is currently an opioid addiction crisis in the United States.9 These drugs play a role in nearly 75% of all overdose deaths. According to SAMHSA, 1% of all Americans over the age of 12 had opioid addiction in 2020.10 

Causes:

Many factors contribute to opioid addiction,11 like genetics and mental health issues. Childhood trauma also makes you more vulnerable. Chronic pain is a major risk factor,12 especially if you manage it with an opioid prescription. 

Effects:

Opioid abuse has many health risks.13 As your tolerance goes up, you may need higher and higher doses to manage physical pain. This addiction also cuts into the time you spend with loved ones, damaging your relationships.

Opioid use can be life-threatening. Overdose causes respiratory depression, in which you can stop breathing. Without immediate medical attention, this is often fatal.

Treatments:

Opioid addiction treatment normally includes more than one type of care: 

Marijuana Addiction

In 2020, marijuana addiction was one of the 3 most common addictions in the United States.16 As cannabis becomes more socially acceptable, rates of this addiction may continue to rise. 

Causes:

The younger you are when you start using marijuana,17 the higher your risk of addiction. The drug’s potency also plays a role.

As more states legalize cannabis, scientists are developing more potent strains. According to Tom Freeman, Director of the Addiction and Mental Health Group at the University of Bath, high-potency marijuana has 4 times the risk of addiction.18 

Effects:

There’s a relationship between marijuana use and mental health issues,19 but we need more data to determine which one causes the other. Research shows that marijuana addiction shares symptoms with anxiety and depression. Long-term marijuana use also causes memory problems.20 

Treatments:

Most marijuana rehabs focus on counseling. During treatment, you might engage in a few types of talk therapy:21

  • MET
  • CBT
  • Contingency management

Scientists are still researching medications to treat cannabis addiction. 

Cocaine Addiction

SAMHSA estimates that 1.3 million people have cocaine addiction22 in the United States. Nearly 25% of these people are teenagers. Some studies suggest that teens are more vulnerable to cocaine addiction23 than adults. 

Causes:

In addition to age, genetics play a role in cocaine addiction.24 What’s more, ongoing cocaine use can change your brain activity, so your reward system responds only to the drug. Over time, that increases your risk of addiction.

Effects:

Cocaine causes a wide range of physical symptoms. Snorting cocaine harms your nasal passages,25 causing nosebleeds, sinus issues, and respiratory problems. Smoking crack cocaine causes lung damage. Cocaine also impacts your cardiovascular system, reducing blood flow throughout the body. 

Treatments:

Most rehabs treat cocaine addiction with behavioral therapy. Contingency management and various types of CBT are especially beneficial treatments.26 There are currently no FDA-approved medications for this condition. 

Methamphetamine Addiction

Reports show that in 2019, over 2 million American adults used methamphetamine,27 up from 1.6 million in 2015. In the same time period, the number of deaths and arrests related to methamphetamine skyrocketed.

Causes:

Several experiences increase your risk of meth addiction:28

  • Drinking
  • Smoking
  • Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
  • Family history of legal issues
  • Family history of drug use

Effects:

Meth addiction causes many physical and mental health symptoms:29 

  • Paranoia and hallucinations
  • Anxiety
  • Organ damage, especially to the lungs, liver, and kidneys
  • Dental problems
  • High blood pressure
  • Permanent neurological changes

Treatments:

In treatment for methamphetamine addiction, you’ll probably engage in behavioral therapy. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), CBT and contingency management are “the most effective treatments30 for methamphetamine addiction.”

Gambling Addiction

Because research into this condition is so new, it’s hard to accurately assess how many people have a gambling addiction. But some reports estimate that “roughly 1 percent of American adults, or about 2.5 million people, have a severe gambling problem.”31

Causes:

Men are at a higher risk for gambling addiction.32 You might also be more vulnerable if you were raised by a single parent or a parent with an addiction. 

Effects:

Unlike substance use disorders, behavioral addictions rarely have physical symptoms. Even so, the effects of gambling addiction33 can be overwhelming:

  • Anxiety which is only relieved by gambling
  • New or worsening depressive symptoms
  • Financial hardship
  • Strained family relationships

Treatments:

When you’re ready to recover from gambling addiction, your care team will help you choose the right treatments. That means something different for everyone. Most programs recommend at least one type of talk therapy to treat gambling disorder:34

  • CBT
  • Psychodynamic therapy
  • Group therapy
  • Family therapy

In rehab, you might also attend a 12-Step group like Gamblers Anonymous (GA).

Internet and Gaming Addiction

At least 93% of Americans are internet users.35 One study found that within that number, 63% of teenage internet users go online every day, and 36% go online several times each day.36 

While we have clear data about internet use, we need more about internet and gaming addiction. Various studies claim that anywhere from 38-90% of internet users have internet addiction.37 Another survey reports that 3.3% of people who play video games have a gaming addiction.38 

Causes:

Gaming and internet addiction are more common among men.39 Several factors make these conditions more likely: 

  • Depression
  • Anxiety
  • ADHD
  • Social isolation
  • Aggressive behavior
  • Low self-esteem

These issues can lead to internet addiction—and vice versa. Unchecked internet use makes the same symptoms even more severe. 

Effects:

Excessive gaming can have serious health effects:40 

  • Back pain
  • Eye strain
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome
  • Sporadic eating habits
  • Sleep problems

Internet addiction also isolates you from loved ones. In extreme cases, it can interfere with work or school.

Treatments:

A growing number of rehabs treat internet and gaming addiction. However, this is a new area of study. Researchers warn that until we have more data, we should approach all treatments for these addictions as experimental.41 

Despite these concerns, mental health professionals recommend a few types of therapy for internet and gaming addiction:42 

  • CBT
  • Wilderness therapy
  • Family therapy

Food Addiction

Various reports estimate that anywhere from 5.8-56.8% of Americans have a food addiction.43 Experts also note the overlap between food addiction and eating disorders44 like bulimia nervosa. 

Causes:

Food addiction and drug addiction45 often co-occur. Either one might make the other more likely. Severe childhood abuse can also lead to food addiction46 in adulthood. This condition is more likely for people with depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem.

Effects:

While food addiction can make you gain weight,47 that’s not true for everyone. More consistently, it leads to overwhelming feelings of guilt and shame. 

Treatments:

Food addiction recovery can include weight loss, but that’s not always the right approach. To treat the root cause of this condition, experts recommend approaching it like a binge eating disorder. CBT and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) are popular treatments for food addiction.48

Shopping Addiction

Between 1.8-16% of adults in the United States have a shopping addiction,49 also called compulsive buying.

Causes:

Several co-occurring conditions are common for people with shopping addiction:50

Effects:

Excessive shopping impacts more than your mental health.51 It can also have serious external consequences:

  • Debt
  • Legal issues
  • Relationship problems

Treatments:

Rehab for shopping addiction usually focuses on talk therapy. Data supports CBT and group therapy52 as helpful treatments for this condition.

Pornography Addiction

Like any other behavioral addiction, excessive pornography use can be very serious. But we don’t yet understand the scope of the issue in the United States. That’s partly because news sources commonly circulate false statistics about online pornography.53 

Causes:

Porn addiction is more likely54 for people with certain characteristics:

  • Male
  • Younger age
  • Religious
  • Novelty-seeking

It’s also more common among people who spend a lot of time online. 

Effects:

One study links excessive porn use with anxiety,55 depression, and sexual dysfunction. Porn addiction might cause these symptoms, or vice versa. Porn use also affects relationships.56 This condition can make it easier to objectify your partner. Over time, that disconnect can drive a wedge between you. 

Treatments:

Most rehabs for porn addiction offer several types of therapy. However, researchers say that CBT “might be the most effective technique57 for such patients addicted to pornography.” Some people also attend 12-Step groups like Porn Addicts Anonymous.

To learn more about treatment options for various addictions, search our collection of rehabs to take virtual tours, read reviews, see pricing, and more, and reach out to centers directly.

Frequently Asked Questions About Common Addictions in the U.S.

What are the most common addictions in the United States?

The most common addictions in the U.S. include alcohol addiction, opioid addiction, marijuana addiction, cocaine addiction, methamphetamine addiction, gambling addiction, internet and gaming addiction, food addiction, shopping addiction, and pornography addiction.

What are the causes of alcohol addiction?

Genetic predisposition, a family history of alcohol abuse, co-occurring mental health issues, easy availability of alcohol, and social pressure to drink can all contribute to problem drinking.

How is opioid addiction treated?

Rehabs typically treat opioid addiction through a combination of medications (such as methadone) and talk therapy. Medications help alleviate cravings, while therapy addresses the underlying psychological factors that led to the addiction in the first place.

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What to Do if You Have Debilitating Depression: Understanding Treatment Options and Finding Support

How do you know when you need treatment for depression? We all feel sad sometimes. There’s nothing wrong with sitting with your sadness and reflecting on your feelings as you work through it. But when sadness doesn’t go away, it can hint at a more serious condition. If it begins to interfere with your life, you can even attend a rehab program for depression. 

Sadness vs. Depression 

There are some key differences between sadness and depression. With either, you may feel tired or lost. When you have depression, those feelings persist for longer periods of time, accompanied by a sense of hopelessness or worthlessness. You might even feel numb. Everyday activities you once enjoyed can start to feel like chores. 

Severe depression1 can also take a toll on your physical health, causing restlessness, changes in appetite, and physical aches and pains. And depression often co-occurs with addiction.2 If you have either or both of these conditions, you can choose between several different treatment options.

Available Treatment Options for Severe Depression

When you’re dealing with debilitating depression, it can feel like there’s no way out. But with treatment that aligns with your values, you can build a life you love. The key is to make sure your unique recovery goals are at the forefront of any care plan. To accommodate each patient’s needs, most rehabs offer a combination of treatment approaches.3

Medication

Medication can be vital in reducing depressive symptoms. Mood stabilizers, antidepressants, or antipsychotic medication can help you regulate your brain chemistry. It’s normal to go through trial and error with antidepressant medications. Most people try different types and doses to find the best fit for them.

Psychotherapy

Having a therapist to confide in and talk through your feelings can help you heal from depression. Therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy (IPT), and family-focused therapy help you address any underlying issues contributing to depression. You—and sometimes your loved ones—will also develop new coping skills to help you move forward.

Inpatient Rehab

If you have severe depression, you can start recovery in an inpatient rehab. These centers offer a safe space to heal without the distractions and stressors of your typical environment. You can choose between a wide variety of programs, including trauma-informed care, rehabs that treat co-occurring disorders, and more.

Outpatient Treatment

With outpatient treatment programs, you can receive similar care to inpatient programs while living at home. Like most other approaches, outpatient treatment is tailored to your specific needs. Intensive outpatient programs (IOPs) let you attend treatment part time, while you continue to work, go to school, or spend time with friends. Partial hospitalization programs (PHPs) offer a higher level of care, but still give you some free time outside of therapy.

Alternative Therapies

If you attend a holistic rehab, you can participate in alternative therapies for depression. These treatments look a little different in every program. For example, you might connect with horses during equine therapy or practice mindfulness in a yoga class. These activities can be hugely beneficial, but they’re no substitute for more traditional treatments. A comprehensive care plan for severe depression could include these options as supplemental therapies.

Finding Support and Coping With Depression

When you’re recovering from depression, building a solid support system is essential. The details of that support system are different for everyone. Anything that keeps you engaged can help you work through difficult symptoms, reminding you that even strong feelings are temporary.

Spending time with family and loved ones you trust can help you feel supported. Opening up to a therapist might give you insight into your feelings. You can also join a depression support group to connect with people going through similar experiences. The opportunities are endless. But data shows that a few specific activities can be especially helpful.

Exercise 

Exercise has many powerful physical and emotional benefits. First and foremost, practicing physical self care is a meaningful way to cope with feelings of depression. Instead of working out so you can look a certain way, the activity itself can be your primary goal.

Exercise is shown to reduce depressive symptoms.4 When it’s hard to get out of bed, the last thing you might want to do is go for a run. But starting small, even for 10 minutes, helps you slowly build endurance and get stronger every day.

Changing Your Diet

Have you ever heard of the link between food and mood?5 Depression can make you skip meals, crave sweets, and indulge in junk food. Foods like refined sugars, processed foods, and fried foods can make depression worse. Adopting a balanced diet can help positively transform depressive symptoms.6

Eating whole foods that nurture your body can improve your mood along with your physical health. Complex carbs, protein, omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidants are just a few vital nutrients that can help fight depression.

Getting Enough Sleep

Depressive symptoms can intensify when you don’t get enough sleep. Ironically, depression can trigger sleep problems7 like insomnia, making it hard to fall asleep or stay asleep. It can be frustrating to navigate this situation. But making your best effort to improve your sleeping habits is a start. 

You can consistently prioritize sleep with small habits like getting in bed earlier, removing distractions like TV or phones at night, and creating a comfortable sleep environment. These small changes can have a huge impact on the quality of your sleep. You can also ask your doctor or therapist for more specific advice, with your exact symptoms and health history in mind.

Mindfulness Activities

Depression often brings up a lot of dark thoughts. You can take a step back and reflect on your feelings by making time for mindfulness activities like meditation. Mindfulness helps you acknowledge those thoughts without blaming yourself. The act of noticing a thought, accepting it, and then letting it go can empower you to break out of negative cycles.

Creativity 

Many people use creativity as a form of therapy. Spending time on creative outlets like art, music, or web design helps you shift your focus as well. Putting your energy into something positive can help you grow and feel better.

For example, studies suggest journaling is good for mental health8 because it can help you get your thoughts out and clear your mind. Even if your writing is all negative or doesn’t make sense, putting it on the page can make you feel lighter.

Journaling can also help you make sense of your own thoughts and feelings. When you start to notice emotional patterns, you might discover ways to work through them. You’ll also have a written record of your progress, which might help you stay on track when you encounter future challenges. 

The Road to Recovery

The journey to recovery isn’t always straightforward. But with the right support, you can find the best way to improve. For many people, professional treatment is essential. With your care team’s help, you can learn the skills you need to get and stay well.

Healing from depression looks a little different for everyone. You might benefit from any combination of medication, therapy, or alternative treatments. Talk to your provider about which options might best suit your needs, and don’t be afraid to experiment. It can take time to find the most effective approach.

With an effective depression care plan, you can rediscover the things you love most. For example, if you’re a nature lover, your plan might incorporate hiking or time at the beach. Beyond being fun, data shows that spending time outdoors improves mental health.9

Stick to your treatment plan as best as you can. If it feels like it’s not working, get support from your care team. They may suggest changes, or they may encourage you to be patient as treatment takes effect. Healing can be a slow process, and you may experience setbacks. Recovery doesn’t mean that you’ll never feel depressed again. Instead, it means you’ll have the tools to live a rich, meaningful life, even when you’re experiencing mental health symptoms.

Planning Your Journey

As you start to plan your recovery from depression, you can choose from many treatment options. Make sure to put yourself first, and find the type of care that best meets your unique needs. When you’re on the right path, you can take things by day. Small changes in diet, exercise, and other routines can make a huge difference over time. 

Getting professional help for severe depression is a vital part of recovery. When you take this step, you regain power over your own life. Check out our list of depression rehab centers to start your recovery journey. 

Frequently Asked Questions About Severe Depression

What’s the difference between sadness and depression?

Sadness and depression share similar symptoms, but depression is characterized by persistent feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness that interfere with daily life. Depression can also cause physical symptoms such as changes in appetite, physical aches and pains, and restlessness.

What are the available treatment options for severe depression?

Treatment options for severe depression include medication, psychotherapy, inpatient rehab, outpatient treatment, and alternative therapies. These options can be tailored to your specific needs and often include a combination of approaches.

What are some ways to find support and cope with depression?

Building a solid support system is essential when recovering from depression. This can include spending time with family and loved ones, opening up to a therapist, joining a depression support group, exercising, changing your diet, getting enough sleep, and practicing mindfulness meditation. These activities help improve mood and overall well-being.

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What Is a Sponsor in Addiction Recovery? 

As a mentor and friend, a sponsor supports every part of your recovery progress, and plays a vital role in guiding your recovery journey. Whether by answering questions, holding you accountable, or just listening, they can help you commit to healing. Sponsors can help in any phase of recovery, especially when you’re newly sober.

Having a sponsor in addiction recovery isn’t mandatory. However, most 12-Step programs encourage you to find one. To do that, it’s important to understand the purpose of this relationship.

What Does a Sponsor Do?

A sponsor does a lot of different things, but their primary role is to offer guidance. In most 12-Step programs, a sponsor is a senior member1 who has been sober for at least a year. With personal experience in recovery, they can help you learn how to work the 12 Steps. 

Sponsorship is one of the key differences between 12-Step vs. non-12-Step programs. Studies show sponsorship leads to better recovery outcomes.2 Once you connect with your sponsor, you can come to them with any questions about addiction and the program itself. For example, say you have a few tough weeks and miss a couple of meetings. Expect a call from your sponsor to get you back on track. Your sponsor’s job is to hold you accountable, encouraging you to do the work to attain and maintain your sobriety.

Qualities of a Good Sponsor

A good sponsor is there for you but also knows when to let you figure things out for yourself. You should always feel comfortable reaching out to them for help. Here are some qualities to look for in a sponsor:3

  • They can guide you in the right direction: Your sponsor can answer your questions about membership, the 12 Steps, and addiction. They’ll also encourage your program attendance and participation. A good sponsor knows you’re responsible for yourself and capable of making your own decisions. Still, they’ll give you a nudge to keep you moving forward if you ever need it.
  • They set boundaries: It’s always okay to ask your sponsor for support. But a good sponsor lets you know when contacting them is appropriate. You can agree on times and ways to connect that work for both of you. 
  • They listen and offer support: Your sponsor is there to advise and support you—but they’re not your therapist. A good sponsor knows when a professional should step in. They may even connect you with outside resources.
  • They’re patient: Addiction recovery takes time. A good sponsor understands that you’ll face challenges as you adjust to sobriety. They’ll keep supporting you even when you’re having a hard time.
  • They understand you: With an understanding sponsor, it’s easier to ask for help. You might seek someone with a similar background to yours. Maybe you’re a mom of 4. A sponsor who has been through motherhood and addiction might understand you on a deeper level. But everyone’s needs are different. Sometimes it’s better to find a sponsor with a different history of addiction. You never know what you can learn from a new perspective. Considering your unique recovery goals can help you find the right fit.

What Does a Sponsor Not Do?

There are some things your sponsor shouldn’t do.4 Even if you like them as a person, you should be wary if your sponsor shows any red flags: 

  • They impose their personal views on you: Your sponsor shouldn’t judge your recovery process. They might have similar experiences, but only you know what’s best for you. A sponsor should never urge you to make a decision based solely on their own beliefs. 
  • You’re already close with them: It’s not a good idea to have a loved one as your sponsor. You should be able to trust your sponsor and open up to them. Sometimes, personal relationships can lead to bias.
  • They exploit you: Your sponsor should never try to take advantage of you. Anyone in early recovery is in a vulnerable space. Your sponsor should understand that and do everything they can to empower you.
  • They’re not engaged in the program: If your sponsor regularly misses meetings, or you question their sobriety, they likely aren’t the best person to help you.
  • They believe they have every answer: A good sponsor isn’t afraid to say, “I don’t know.” If you feel like your sponsor always thinks they’re right or never considers another way, they might not be a good choice.

If you notice red flags like these, reach out to trusted members of your support network, both in and outside of AA. You can also talk to your therapist. And remember: you always have the right to change sponsors. AA’s literature on sponsorship5 specifies: 

We are always free to select another sponsor with whom we feel more comfortable, particularly if we believe this member will be more helpful to our growth in A.A.

How to Find a Sponsor

Typically, the process of finding a sponsor is informal. You might notice someone in the 12-Step program you admire. Maybe their outlook on sobriety inspires you, or they seem very open and honest. All you have to do is ask them to be your sponsor. Then, they can either accept or decline.

As a newcomer, you can also ask around the program. At some meetings, the leader may ask people who want to become sponsors to raise their hands. You can also ask people you meet if they know of anyone interested in taking on that role.

Your Responsibilities as a Sponsee

Just like your sponsor, you’ll have certain responsibilities in this relationship. Here are some tips to be a good sponsee:

  • Show up: Attending meetings regularly helps you stay on track. Try to let your sponsor know in advance if you have to miss a meeting.
  • Respect your sponsor’s boundaries: After you and your sponsor agree on boundaries, it’s important to honor them. Your sponsor has their own responsibilities outside of your recovery process. Of course, there may be times when you need to call them out of the blue. But this is an opportunity to practice building respectful relationships. Recognizing the other person’s needs is an important part of that process.
  • Work the 12 Steps: Show your sponsor that you’re just as committed to your recovery as they are. You can do this by working the 12 Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous or another 12-Step program. Sometimes you might leave meetings with assignments. Dedicate time to work on your sobriety outside of the program. Then, talk to your sponsor about your progress.
  • Don’t overshare: It’s easy to overshare as you become more comfortable with your sponsor. There’s nothing wrong with seeing your sponsor as a friend. But your sponsor isn’t your partner, your parent, or a clinician. They’re just one person in your wider support network. 

In most 12-Step programs, your sponsor plays an integral role. Still, many people reach sobriety without a sponsor at any point in addiction recovery. It all depends on what makes the most sense for your recovery process. 

Learn more about sponsorship and 12-Step rehab programs that might be a good fit for you.

Frequently Asked Questions About AA Sponsorship

What’s the role of a sponsor in my recovery?

A sponsor serves as a mentor and guide, providing crucial support throughout your recovery journey. They offer guidance, answer questions about addiction and the program, and help you work the 12 Steps. While having a sponsor isn’t mandatory, it’s highly encouraged in most 12-Step programs for better outcomes.

What qualities should I look for in a good sponsor?

A good sponsor should be knowledgeable and able to give guidance, while also maintaining healthy boundaries and encouraging your personal responsibility. A good sponsor listens, offers support, and understands the challenges of addiction recovery. Finding someone who understands your background and recovery goals can be beneficial.

What are red flags to watch out for in a sponsor?

While sponsors are meant to support your recovery, there are certain warning signs to be aware of. A sponsor should not impose their personal views, exploit you, or be disengaged from the program. It’s also important to avoid choosing a sponsor who is a close friend or family member to maintain objectivity. If you notice any red flags, seek support from other trusted people in your support network and consider changing sponsors.